California Bicycle Laws
California Bike Laws:
What Every Rider Needs to Know
California is a cyclist’s paradise, with its stunning coastal routes, scenic mountain trails, and urban bike paths. But before you hit the road or trail, it’s essential to know your rights and responsibilities as a bicyclist in the Golden State. The California Vehicle Code (CVC) has specific laws that govern how bicycles should be used and how drivers should interact with cyclists. Understanding these laws not only keeps you safe but also ensures you’re riding legally. So, let’s dive into California’s bicycle laws!
Bicycles Are Legally Considered Vehicles (CVC § 21200)
First things first: under California law, bicycles are considered vehicles. That means cyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as drivers of motor vehicles. You have the right to share the road, and motorists must respect your space. However, just like drivers, cyclists need to follow the rules of the road. Yes, that means stopping at stop signs, obeying traffic signals, and using hand signals.
Think of your bike as your own little vehicle—except it’s eco-friendly, keeps you fit, and is way more fun than being stuck in traffic!
Where You Can Ride (CVC § 21202)
California law requires cyclists to ride as close to the right side of the road as is “practicable,” which means as safe and reasonable as possible. But here’s where it gets interesting: there are several situations where you don’t have to hug the curb like your life depends on it. You’re allowed to take the lane under these conditions:
Passing another bicycle or vehicle: If someone in front of you is moving slower than you are, you can move left to pass.
Preparing for a left turn: You can move to the center or left of the lane to make your turn.
Avoiding hazards: Potholes, debris, parked cars with open doors—basically anything that could put you at risk.
When the lane is too narrow for a car to pass safely: If the lane is too tight to share, you have every right to ride in the center to make yourself more visible.
These exceptions mean that you’re not always expected to ride inches from the curb. Ride where you feel safe, and don’t be afraid to take the lane when necessary. You’ve got the law on your side!
Bike Lane Use (CVC § 21208)
California is home to an ever-growing network of bike lanes, but knowing when you must use them is key. If a designated bike lane is available, you’re generally required to ride in it. However, you can exit the bike lane in the following situations:
To pass another cyclist or avoid an obstacle: If there’s a slower rider in front of you or a debris-covered bike lane, you can move out.
Making a left turn: Just like with any vehicle, you’re allowed to leave the bike lane to position yourself for a left-hand turn.
Turning right: If you need to move around a vehicle making a right-hand turn or preparing to make one.
When the lane is too narrow to stay safe: Safety first!
If you’re using a bike lane, remember that you still have to obey all other traffic laws, like signaling your turns and stopping at red lights. But hey, at least you don’t have to worry about parking tickets.
Wearing a Helmet (CVC § 21212)
If you’re under 18, wearing a helmet is mandatory in California. The law states that any cyclist (and even passengers) under the age of 18 must wear a properly fitted and fastened helmet. If you’re over 18, helmet use is optional, but let’s be real—wearing one is always a good idea. Sure, it might mess up your hair a little, but it’s way better than a head injury. Plus, you can always find a helmet that fits your style.
Riding Under the Influence (CVC § 21200.5)
You wouldn’t drive a car drunk, right? The same rules apply to cycling. It’s illegal to ride a bike under the influence of alcohol or drugs. If you’re caught riding while impaired, you could face a fine of up to $250. The law doesn’t carry the same penalties as a DUI in a motor vehicle (e.g., no points on your driver’s license), but it’s still dangerous. Riding under the influence not only puts your life at risk but also endangers others on the road.
So, if you’re going to celebrate with a few drinks, make sure to call a ride or lock up the bike and walk it home.
Lights and Reflectors: Be Seen, Be Safe (CVC § 21201)
If you’re riding at night, you need to make sure you’re visible. The law requires that your bike is equipped with:
A white headlight visible from the front (it can be attached to the bike or worn on the rider).
A red reflector or, better yet, a solid or flashing red light on the back.
White or yellow reflectors on the pedals or your shoes, visible from the front and back.
Reflectors on the wheels or side-mounted lights.
Basically, light yourself up like a Christmas tree. Not only will it keep you legal, but it’ll also help drivers see you and avoid any close calls. Plus, the more lit up you are, the more stylish you look cruising down the road, because full body casts are never stylish.
Riding Two Abreast (CVC § 21202)
Can you ride side by side with your cycling buddy? In California, yes—sort of. You’re allowed to ride two abreast on the road, as long as you’re not impeding the flow of traffic. If traffic is heavy or the lane is narrow, it’s best to switch to single file to allow cars to pass. The law is a bit vague here, so use your best judgment and be courteous to fellow road users.
Remember, riding two abreast is great for chatting and company, but always make safety your priority.
Using Hand Signals (CVC § 22111)
Just like drivers, cyclists need to signal their intentions. In California, hand signals are used to let drivers and other cyclists know when you’re turning or stopping:
Left Turn: Extend your left arm straight out to the side.
Right Turn: You can either extend your right arm straight out to the side or bend your left arm upward at a 90-degree angle.
Slowing or Stopping: Extend your left arm downward at a 90-degree angle.
Signaling isn’t just a courtesy—it’s the law. It keeps everyone on the road aware of what you’re doing, which makes for safer riding.
The “Three Feet for Safety Act” (CVC § 21760)
Drivers are required to give cyclists at least three feet of clearance when passing. The “Three Feet for Safety Act” was created to reduce collisions and near-misses between cars and bicycles. If there isn’t enough room to provide three feet of clearance, the driver must slow down and only pass when it is safe.
The law is straightforward: give cyclists space. A little extra room can go a long way in preventing accidents. And hey, if a car passes too close for comfort, don’t be afraid to let out a friendly reminder. My favorite is a “thumbs down”.
Electric Bicycles (CVC § 21207.5)
E-bikes have become increasingly popular in California, but they come with their own set of E-bike rules. Basically, electric bicycles are classified into three categories:
Class 1: Pedal-assist bikes that provide assistance up to 20 mph.
Class 2: Throttle-controlled bikes with a maximum speed of 20 mph.
Class 3: Pedal-assist bikes that provide assistance up to 28 mph and are equipped with a speedometer.
Class 1 and 2 e-bikes can use bike lanes and paths, but Class 3 e-bikes are typically restricted to streets and cannot be used on most bike paths. Always double-check local ordinances, as some areas may have their own rules.
No Earbuds or Headphones in Both Ears (CVC § 27400)
Listening to your favorite cycling playlist is fine, but wearing earbuds or headphones in both ears while riding is illegal in California. You can have one earbud in, but one ear must remain free to hear traffic, horns, and other sounds. It’s all about staying aware of your surroundings.
So, save the noise-canceling headphones for your indoor training sessions. On the road, it’s one earbud or none.
Parking Your Bike (CVC § 21210)
When parking your bike, don’t leave it in places that block pedestrian pathways, doorways, or fire hydrants. The law prohibits leaving a bicycle lying on its side on the sidewalk or parking it in a way that obstructs foot traffic. Use designated bike racks when available, and if you must lock it to something else, make sure it’s out of the way.
Locking your bike correctly not only keeps you legal but also prevents it from getting stolen. And let’s be honest—nobody wants to walk home, especially in their cycling shoes.
Riding on the Sidewalk (Local Ordinances May Vary)
California state law does not prohibit riding a bicycle on the sidewalk, but local cities and counties have the authority to make their own rules. In some places, riding on the sidewalk is allowed, while in others, it’s banned or restricted to certain areas. However, there may be areas where it’s permitted, so it’s important to know the local rules wherever you’re riding. Always look for posted signs and use your best judgment. Here’s a rundown, and some examples:
San Francisco: Illegal for anyone over 12
Los Angeles: Legal
West Hollywood: Illegal
Santa Monica: Illegal
San Diego County: Legal except business districts in Oceanside, Encinitas, San Diego, National City, Chula Vista, Imperial Beach, Lemon Grove, Santee, and unincorporated parts of San Diego County; Illegal always in Carlsbad, El Cajon, Vista, and Poway
San Jose: Legal except two areas with designated bikeways (San Fernando St. and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Streets, and in Willow Glen on Lincoln)
Sacramento: Illegal where City has posted a sign prohibiting sidewalk riding
Salinas: Illegal where City has posted a sign prohibiting sidewalk riding
Monterey: Illegal
Santa Cruz: Illegal on sidewalks fronting and adjacent to commercial establishments, stores, or buildings used for business or commercial purposes
San Luis Obispo: Illegal
Santa Barbara: Illegal
When riding on a sidewalk is allowed, remember to yield to pedestrians, ride at a safe speed, and be extra cautious at intersections and driveways where drivers may not expect a cyclist.
14. Bicycle Equipment Requirements (CVC § 21201)
In California, your bike needs to meet specific equipment requirements to be road-legal. Here’s what you need:
Appropriate Size: Those old-timey bikes that are six feet tall are really cool, but not very safe, and not road-legal.
Brakes: Your bicycle must be equipped with a working brake that allows you to make a one-wheel skid on dry, level, clean pavement.
Handlebars: The handlebars should not be positioned so that your hands are above shoulder level when holding them.
Seat: If your bike is designed to be ridden with a seat, you have to use it. In other words, no standing up for the entire ride!
Lights and Reflectors for Night Riding: As mentioned earlier, you need a white headlight, red rear reflector, and reflectors on the pedals or wheels when riding after dark.
These requirements aren’t just about following the law—they’re about making sure you can ride safely. If your bike doesn’t meet these standards, it’s time to make some upgrades.
The “Idaho Stop” Is Not Legal in California (Yet)
You might have heard of the “Idaho Stop,” where cyclists are allowed to treat stop signs as yield signs and red lights as stop signs. While some advocates have pushed for this law in California, it hasn’t passed yet. That means you still have to come to a complete stop at stop signs and wait for the light to turn green at red lights.
While it might seem like a hassle, stopping at intersections is essential for staying safe. Plus, it gives you a chance to catch your breath after that big hill climb. Who said taking a break was a bad thing?
Right of Way Rules Apply to Cyclists Too (CVC § 21800-21802)
Just like any other vehicle, cyclists must follow the right-of-way rules. This means yielding to pedestrians at crosswalks, stopping for other vehicles at intersections when required, and giving way when merging onto busier roads. Even though bicycles are smaller and more maneuverable, the same rules apply.
Remember, right-of-way isn’t something you “take”—it’s something you’re given. Ride respectfully, and don’t be afraid to use eye contact to communicate with drivers. A little courtesy can go a long way in keeping you safe and turning the tide against anti-bike bias.
Passing Vehicles on the Right (CVC § 21755)
Bicyclists are allowed to pass vehicles on the right in California, but it’s important to do so safely. This usually happens when cars are stopped in traffic or preparing to make a left turn. If you’re going to pass on the right, make sure there’s enough space and that the vehicle isn’t about to turn right as well. A good rule of thumb is to only pass if you can see the driver's face in their side mirror—this means they can see you too.
Passing on the right can be a bit tricky, so stay alert and be ready for any sudden movements from cars. It’s always better to be safe than sorry.
Motorists Opening Doors (CVC § 22517)
Ah, the dreaded “dooring” incident—when a parked car’s door suddenly swings open just as you’re riding by. California law requires motorists to check for traffic (including bicycles) before opening their doors. If you get “doored,” the person who opened the door could be held legally responsible.
To avoid dooring, try to ride at least three feet away from parked cars whenever possible. And if you’re in a city where dooring is more common, stay vigilant and keep an eye on those parked cars for any sudden movements.
Group Riding Rules
While there’s no specific California law covering all aspects of group riding, some common-sense practices can help keep group rides safe and enjoyable:
Ride in a single file or double file, depending on the road conditions: On narrow roads or in heavy traffic, it’s safer to ride single file.
Communicate with hand signals and verbal cues: Let riders behind you know if you’re slowing down, stopping, or avoiding obstacles.
Don’t block traffic: When stopped, make sure you’re not obstructing traffic flow. If the group is large, consider splitting into smaller packs.
Group rides are a great way to enjoy cycling and meet fellow enthusiasts, but remember that safety is always the priority.
What To Do If You're Involved in a Crash
Nobody wants to think about being in an accident, but it’s important to know what to do if it happens. We have a pretty comprehensive guide on what to do if you’re involved in a bike accident. But, basically:
Stay calm and check for injuries: Your safety is the top priority. Get off the road if you can and call for medical help if needed.
Exchange information: Get the contact details of the driver, any witnesses, and anyone else involved.
Report the accident: Contact the police to file a report, even if the accident seems minor.
Document the scene: Take photos of your bike, any damage, and the surrounding area.
Seek legal advice if necessary: If you’ve been injured, a bicycle accident attorney can help you understand your rights and options.
Why Understanding Bicycle Laws Matters
Riding a bike in California isn’t just about getting from point A to B—it’s about enjoying the freedom of the open road, staying healthy, and embracing a lifestyle that’s both eco-friendly and adventurous. But as fun as cycling is, it’s also important to understand the laws that help keep you safe.
Knowing your rights empowers you to ride confidently and assertively while sharing the road. Understanding your responsibilities keeps you courteous and helps you avoid fines or legal trouble. Plus, when you’re well-versed in bicycle laws, you can help educate others, advocate for cyclists’ rights, and contribute to a safer, more bike-friendly community.
Ride Safe, Ride Smart
Now that you’re equipped with all this knowledge about California bicycle laws, it’s time to get out there and ride with confidence. Remember to follow the rules of the road, be courteous to other road users, and always prioritize your safety. California’s roads and bike paths are waiting for you, so enjoy the ride and keep pedaling forward.
Happy cycling, and stay safe out there! If you ever have questions or need legal assistance, don’t hesitate to reach out to a California bicycle attorney who understands your passion for riding and your rights on the road.